Early budbreak.
Fairly vigorous, very productive depending on the clone.
Moderately sensitive to mildew, it is more often attacked by oidium and especially by botrytis. Equally  sensitive to rain and falls in temperature during flowering, which can bring about partial or total climatic coulure and in certain cases millerandage.
Characteristic berries, sometimes slightly oblong of an amber yellow colour in the sun, with a thin skin and a bursting of the grapes when approaching maturity.
With a reasonable production, it produces an elegant wine possessing an important aromatic potential.
In the south of France, the Chardonnay should be harvested early to obtain a high quality product, with close supervision of the balance of sugar/acidity.
Ripens during the first late period.

The Chasan

A cross between Listan and Chardonnay.
Late budbreak which is one week before that of  Terret and Ugni Blanc.
Spreading habit, so must be attached to wires.
Medium to good production.
Medium and spherical berries which are golden-white.
It produces slightly aromatic wine which is low in acidity and moderately alcoholic.
Ripens during the second period.

Late budbreak.
Sensitive to oidium, and grown on the banks of the Moselle, the Palatinat, Austria, Yugoslavia and Northern Italy.The yields and the character of the wines are different in accordance with the aspect of the vineyard.

Late budbreak. Sensitive to humidity during the flowering period.
Equally sensitive to oidium.
Used for making white wines.

Late budbreak.
Very vigorous, of erect habit.
Accepts poor soils.
Good resistance to oidium and excoriose. More sensitive to mildew, spider-mites and berry moth.
Its branches are sensitive to wind.
Elliptical, pointed and medium berries which are white and dotted with brown spots.
Firm and juicy flesh.
If there are low yields it will produce a very fresh and alcoholic wine ( 12°-14°) which must be consumed within the year.
On the contrary it maderizes fairly quickly taking yellow to brown yellow colour according to the degree of maderization.
Ripens during the third period.

The Macabeu is a productive, vigorous vine of erect habit, which must be pruned vigorously.
It is sensitive to wind. You should avoid establishing it in fresh and humid locations and in very dry soils because it is liable to early leaf fall.

Budbreak about ten days after the Chasselas.
Vigorous, with quite long branches and so it requires supporting.
Very productive.
Sensitive to botrytis, to oidium, to drought and wind.
Small to medium, spherical berries which are slightly russet and juicy.
The Marsanne has often been associated with the Roussanne. Its wine is lighter, of lower-acidity with less bouquet and elegance, ageing more rapidly.
Its aromatic potential is nevertheless superior to that of the white Grenache but it is too weak to give character to a blend.
Ripens during the second period, three weeks to one month after the Chasselas.

Early budbreak.
Moderately vigorous and erect habit.
Sensitive to mildew, oidium, botrytis, berry moth and wasps.
Spherical and medium berries which are amber-yellow with an thick skin covered with reddish-brown spots at full-maturity.
Firm, juicy and very sweet fleshy grapes which have an aromatic muscat flavour.
Grape varietal used in most naturally-sweet muscat-type and sparkling wines.
Ripens during the first period, two weeks after the Chasselas.

The Rolle

Budbreak one week after the Chasselas.
This grape varietal resembles somewhat the Vermentino cultivated in Corsica.
It is of vigorous habit.
Not too sensitive to botrytis.
Large, spherical or slightly ovoid grapes which are golden-yellow when ripe, or slightly mauve.
It produces a quality, alcoholic, delicate and pleasant wine.
Ripens during the second period, one month after the Chasselas.

Budbreak eight to ten days after the Chasselas.
Medium to good vigour, and for various reasons, must be trained on a trellis.
Sensitive to oidium, botrytis, and spider-mites.
Spherical, small, golden-white berries almost russet when ripe but not very juicy.
A noble grape varietal which produces a high quality, delicate wine with a straw-yellow colour and a remarkable bouquet.
Good ageing potential.
The original aromatic elements call to mind honeysuckle, discreet narcissus, green coffee and iris root.
Associated with other white grape varietals, Roussanne produces an aromatic addition and an elegance which other white varietals wouldn’t have without it.
Ripens during the second period, one month after the Chasselas.

Maturité 2 ème époque, un mois environ après 1å Chasselas.

Mid-period budbreak, later compared with that of Semillon and arriving before that of Cabernet Sauvignon.
Erect habit but must be trained on a trellis.
Good production.
Sensitive to oidium, to black-rot and to excoriose. Medium resistance to mildew and botrytis.
Ovoid small berries with a beautiful golden-yellow colour when ripe.
These berries have a thick, tender skin with a special taste which slightly remind one of Muscat.
Ripens during the second period.

Mid-period staggered budbreak.
Productive.
Sensitive to mildew, to oidium and to botrytis, especially during humid years.
Medium, spherical berries which are golden-white even pinkish when ripe.
Thick skin with an abundant juice which has got a slightly muscat flavour.
It produces a beautiful golden-yellow wine which is brillant, alcoholic, and slightly lacking acidity.
Ripens during the second period.

Late budbreak.
Vigorous, of erect habit and very productive.
Sensitive to winter frosts and good resistance to oidium and botrytis.
Equally sensitive to mildew.
Its branches are very sensitive to wind, especially after a rapid budbreak (branches break off).
Spherical , medium, golden-yellow berries which become more or less amber, given a good orientation, and finish with a pink, even coppery-red colour on dry and very sunny slopes.
Thin skin but tough. Juicy and plentiful fleshy.
It produces a pale-yellow, dry wine which is quite elegant, vigorous and sometimes acid.
This natural acidity is interesting because you can obtain blends with other wines deficient in acidity.
Ripens during the second period, about one month after the Chasselas.

Early budbreak, comparable with that of Chasselas.
Rustic, moderately productive to very productive depending on selections.
The density of plantation should be quite high in deep but not too fertile soils.
Should be trained on a trellis.
Sensitive to oidium, somewhat to botrytis and good resistance to drought.
Small, spherical or slightly ovoid berries which are amber-white with a thick skin and a slightly muscat flavour.
It produces a high quality wine which is rich, supple and very perfumed smooth.
It makes an elegant, highly-flavoured and characteristic wine.